What your camera takes, or a picture editing program begins your program with does not matter. 300 or 180 is just the picture size that it was taken at. "The way the computer or the printer views the image."
ALL THAT MATTERS IS .PIC .GIF .JPG or JPeg .PSD or Photo Shop Document. Printers can't print PSD's with out An Adobe software that opened it first. Save as Gif to save space, JPG to keep details.
What you are concerned with is THE RESOLUTION SIZE. Any camera can take a photo or picture that can easily be edited and reformatted (changed) to become larger or smaller. The type of camera you have will determin the RESOLUTION CAPABILITY OF THE CAPTURE. Most camera's now call it, MEGA PIXELS. Most generic ameras are 1 to 2 and most phones are from 1 to 3.4. A professional camera can go way up to the abilities of a Photo Shop type program. Those big camera's with the large lenses and replaceable lenses. The ones that Magazines use to take pictures of their models and Home and Garden etc....
What you SPECIFICALLY are looking for is to
1. If you are creating a picture from scratch or editing one in any type of software, IS CREATING A NEW PROJECT, if you can.....not many PIC programs can do that. A picture editing program like you described will just show a photo the way the camera, computer, or printer, will be interpreting it's size, as the camera took it. And will not be able to make the picture any larger on it's own.
2. You need to bring the picture into a REAL PHOTO EDITING program, like Photo Shop, which answer two gave you. The first thing you want to do is OPEN A NEW PROJECT....NO MATTER WHICH PHOTO EDITING PROGRAM YOU ARE USING.
In the New Picture, or PROJECT, there is a place for the Resolution size.
BRING IT ALL THE WAY UP TO AT LEAST 300 TO 600. If you have a small Mega Pixel camera you want to make it 600. But remember, the resolution size means that the amount of detail per pixel is going to increase and the amount of pixels in the image will also be increased. "Basically your picture is being chopped up into 300 to 600 tiny pieces, no matter what the DPI rate is.
Then you want to increase the Bit Rate up to 16 bits. Most programs start you out at 8 bits which is the size of Super Mario on the Nintendo Entertainment System. You can't seriously intend to make anything meaningfull looking from 8 bits. So make it 16 or higher depending on your programs capabilities. If you can't see the bit rate, don't worry about it and continue.
3. PLACE, PASTE, OR DRAG, YOUR OPENED PHOTO INTO THE NEW LAYER.
HERE'S THE TRICK. Your picture may be small on your computer or large, depending on how good your camera and the computer's photo viewing abilities are. But when you bring it into a photo editing program, it will show up the actual size, and some photos come out very small or were saved small, and will show up tiny on the Photo Editing software. Don't worry. You can
EDIT
TRANSFORM
FREE TRANSFORM
Hold SHIFT down to preserve your picture's horizontal vertial balance and drag the corner square icon to make the picture larger.
If it was saved in a poor resolution, you may get a blured result. If it was saved in a good resolution, your picture will correctly ENLARGE in the right way and you can make it look any size you want it to.
If the resolution is poor to start and shows up small, there is nothing you can do to increase the size of that image without making it distort further.... Small resolutions that cannot be adjusted up.....only down. Only LARGE RESOLUTIONS WILL MAGNIFY WELL. Pictures all have a point where the resolution size will not become any larger than a certain point if enlarged. There is the possibility that you don't have Photoshop, I realize.
If you don't have a good Photo Editing software that is independant of any Picture Viewing Primary Function, you need a Scrap Book, or Picture Album program that is designed to save your pictures and edit them.
A program like this is designed specifically for people who have no clue about Photo Editing and are purposely made to assist you with CUT'S, PASTES, ADJUSTMENTS, ENLARGEMENTS, REDUCTIONS, AND MERGING. You can edit and make other adjustments a lot easier with these programs
RESOLUTION AND BIT RATE ARE WHAT YOU SHOULD BE LOOKING FOR.
And remember, something saved too small a resolution will remain at that resolution.
You want to end up with a GIF. or a JPEG that has a resolution of at least 300 and a bit rate of at least 16. They are easily re-editable!!