Film is still MUCH better for black and white photos than digital. There is just no comparison. Yes, you can convert a color digital image to black and white, but I have never seen one that looked quite right or compared with a picture from true black and white film. All the pictures I've seen converted to b&w tend to look more noisy (grainy) and it ruins the tones.
I would say that if you're seriously interested in black and white photography, then you need to get a film camera and use traditional silver-based film. You can get it from a photography shop (a REAL camera shop, not one that just sells digital cameras) or you can order it online. I would recommend Kodak Plus-X film, because it takes very sharp pictures with no grain, and it's also very forgiving with exposure.
There are a lot of places that sell black and white film. One place I would recommend is Freestyle Photo Supplies in Los Angeles, California:
http://www.freestylephoto.biz/e_main.php
For your camera, get a rangefinder or SLR 35mm camera. Or you can try a 120 film camera. 120 film can capture amazing detail and you will be completely blown way with it. Get a vintage Twin Lens Reflex camera, like a Yashica A. You can find them on eBay for fairly cheap.
Once you've seen pictures from real black and white film, you will be amazed. My film cameras completely blow away anything I've taken with a digital camera.
You really need to get a camera with completely manual shutter speed and aperture settings, so you will have total control over the picture. And learn how to take pictures with manual exposure. Look up what's called the "Sunny 16 Rule" which is a guideline that will help you take pictures outdoors in different lighting conditions.